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Astragaloside IV suppresses post-ischemic natural killer cell infiltration and activation in the brain

Baokai Dou, Shichun Li, Luyao Wei, Lixin Wang, Shiguo Zhu, Zhengtao Wang, Zunji Ke, Kaixian Chen, Zhifei Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 79-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0783-8

摘要： Natural killer (NK) cells, a type of cytotoxic lymphocytes, can infiltrate into ischemic brain and exacerbate neuronal cell death. Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is the major bioactive ingredient of , a Chinese herbal medicine, and possesses potent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the effects of ASIV on post-ischemic brain infiltration and activation of NK cells. ASIV reduced brain infarction and alleviated functional deficits in MCAO rats, and these beneficial effects persisted for at least 7 days. Abundant NK cells infiltrated into the ischemic hemisphere on day 1 after brain ischemia, and this infiltration was suppressed by ASIV. Strikingly, ASIV reversed NK cell deficiency in the spleen and blood after brain ischemia. ASIV inhibited astrocyte-derived CCL2 upregulation and reduced CCR2 NK cell levels in the ischemic brain. Meanwhile, ASIV attenuated NK cell activating receptor NKG2D levels and reduced interferon-γ production. ASIV restored acetylation of histone H3 and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB in the ischemic brain, suggesting inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Simultaneously, ASIV prevented p65 nuclear translocation. The effects of ASIV on reducing CCL2 production, restoring acetylated p65 levels and preventing p65 nuclear translocation were mimicked by valproate, an HDAC inhibitor, in astrocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Our findings suggest that ASIV inhibits post-ischemic NK cell brain infiltration and activation and reverses NK cell deficiency in the periphery, which together contribute to the beneficial effects of ASIV against brain ischemia. Furthermore, ASIV’s effects on suppressing NK cell brain infiltration and activation may involve HDAC inhibition.

关键词： astragaloside IV brain ischemia natural killer cells histone deacetylase nuclear factor-κB

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Vanadium(IV) solvent extraction enhancement in high acidity using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid with

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 56-67 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2185-8

摘要： Separation of vanadium from black shale leaching solution at low pH is very meaningful, which can effectively avoid the generation of alkali neutralization slag and the resulting vanadium loss. In this study, coordination mechanism of vanadium in acid leaching solution at low pH was investigated with the intervention of chloride ions. Under the conditions of pH 0.8, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid concentration of 20%, phase ratio of 1:2, and extraction time of 8 min, the vanadium extraction could reach 80.00%. The Fourier transform infrared and electrospray ionization results reveal that, despite the fact that the chloride ion in the leachate could significantly promote vanadium extraction, the chloride ion does not enter the organic phase, indicating an intriguing phenomenon. Among Cl⁻–V, SO₄²⁻–V, and H₂O–V, the V–Cl bond is longer and the potential difference between coordinate ions and vanadium is smaller. Therefore, VO²⁺ gets easily desorbed with chloride ions and enter the organic phase. At the same time, the hydrogen ions of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid also enter the water phase more easily, which reduces the pH required for the extraction reaction.

关键词： vanadium black shale solvent extraction high acidity extraction

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Modeling of Ce(IV) transport through a dispersion flat combined liquid membrane with carrier P507

Liang PEI,Liming WANG,Zhanying MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 503-509 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0540-1

摘要： A mathematical model for the transport of Ce(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions through dispersion flat combined liquid membrane (DFCLM) with contain 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (P507) as the carrier, dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution have been studied. This process of facilitated transport, based on membrane technology, is a variation on the conventional technique of solvent extraction and may be described mathematically using Fick’s second law. The equations for transport velocity are derived considering the diffusion of P507 and its metallic complexes through the liquid membrane. In this work, the system is considered to be in a transient state, and chemical reaction between Ce(IV) and the carrier to take place only at the solvent–aqueous interfaces. Model concentration profiles are obtained for the Ce(IV), from which extraction velocities are predicted. The experimental and simulated Ce(IV) extractions showed similar tendencies for a high Ce(IV) concentration and acidity case.The model results indicate that high initial Ce(IV) concentrations and acidity both have detrimental effects on Ce(IV) extraction and stripping. The diffusion coefficient of Ce(IV) in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and the values are 6.31 × 10 m ·s and 31.2 μm, respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental results.

关键词： Dispersion flat combined liquid membrane (DFCLM) dispersion phase feed phase 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester Ce (IV)

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Visible light induces bacteria to produce superoxide for manganese oxidation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1619-y

摘要：

● Term of manganese-oxidizing microorganisms should be reconsidered.

关键词： Mn(II) oxidation Manganese-oxidizing bacteria Reactive oxygen species Mn(III/IV) oxides

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Comparison of optimal capacitor placement methods in radial distribution system with load growth and ZIP load model

Veera Venkata Satya Naryana MURTY, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 197-213 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0249-7

摘要： In this paper, a combined power loss sensitivity (PLS) index-based approach is proposed to determine the optimal location of the capacitors in the radial distribution system (RDS) based on the real and reactive combined loss sensitivity index, as capacitor placement not only reduces real power loss with voltage profile improvement but also reduces reactive power loss due to the reactive power compensation in the network. The results have been obtained with the existing methods of power loss index (PLI) and index vector (IV) method for comparison. Besides, the optimal placement has been obtained with the proposed method as well as existing methods and the total kVar support has been obtained. In addition, the results of net cost savings for the 10-, 34-, and 69-bus systems are obtained for comparison. Moreover, the results have been obtained for a large system of 85 buses to validate the results with combined sensitivity based approach. Furthermore, the load growth factor has been considered in the study which is essential for the planning and expansion of the existing systems, whereas the impact of the realistic load model as ZIP load model has been considered for the study of all the systems.

关键词： load growth load models reactive power compensation radial distribution system power loss index (PLI) power loss sensitivity (PLS) index vector (IV)

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核能技术方向研究及发展路线图

杜祥琬,叶奇蓁,徐銤,万元熙,彭先觉,苏罡,杨勇,高翔,师学明

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 17-24 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.003

摘要：

笔者按照核能技术成熟度将课题分解为热堆、快堆和四代堆、受控核聚变科学技术三个专题，采取专题调研、交叉讨论、系统综合的方法开展研究。分析了核能技术发展的现状、我国核能的安全性、核能技术的发展方向，并给出了核能技术发展路线图。建议以第三代自主压水堆为依托，安全、高效、规模化发展核能；加快第四代核能系统研发，解决核燃料增殖与高水平放射性核素嬗变；积极发展模块化小堆，开拓核能应用范围；努力探索聚变能源。预期到2030年核电运行1.5×108 kW，在建5×107 kW；到2050年快堆和压水堆匹配发展。我国核能发展存在前端和后端能力不足、核心技术研发力量分散、竞争大于合作的局面，建议整合国内资源，组建核能国家实验室，集中力量推进我国核能产业健康、快速发展。

关键词：核能热堆第四代核能系统受控核聚变发展路线图

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利用CES1和DPP-IV的组织残余活性准确评估和追踪特异性肝损伤过程 Article

潘秋莎, 宋培放, 倪振华, 钱星凯, 王安琪, 邹立伟, 刘勇, 王平, 张卫东, 马红, 杨凌

《工程（英文）》 2022年第19卷第12期页码 153-165 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.014

摘要：研究发现羧酸酯酶1（CES1）作为肝内标志物和二肽基肽酶4（DPP-IV）作为肝外标志物可反映肝脏损伤的不同病理生理状态。CES1 和DPP-IV 水平可甄别肝损伤本身和炎症损伤之间的差异。本文数据强调了联合使用CES1（作为肝内肝损伤标志物）和DPP-IV（作为肝外炎症作用标志物）可准确评估和追踪特异性肝损伤，并可区分肝损伤和炎症性肝损伤的差异。

关键词：羧酸酯酶1 二肽基肽酶4 特异性肝脏损伤标志物来源追溯